What are diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

In diverticulosis and diverticulitis, pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the large intestine, or colon.

• In diverticulosis, the pouches do not cause any pain or other symptoms.
• In diverticulitis, the pouches get inflamed or infected and cause symptoms.

Doctors aren't sure what causes these pouches in the colon. But they think that a low-fibre diet may play a role. A low-fibre diet can cause small, hard stools. This means it takes more pressure in the colon to move stools out of the body. This puts more pressure on the walls of the colon. The pressure from this may cause pouches to form in weak spots along the colon.

What are the symptoms?

• In diverticulosis, most people don't have symptoms.
• In diverticulitis, symptoms may last from a few hours to a week or more. They include:
  • Belly pain. This is usually in the lower left side. It is sometimes worse when you move. This is the most common symptom.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Bloating and gas.
  • Diarrhea or constipation.
  • Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
  • Not feeling like eating.
• If the pouches bleed, it is called diverticular bleeding.

How can you prevent diverticulitis?

You may be able to lower your chance of getting diverticulitis. You can do this by taking steps to prevent constipation.

• Eat fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains every day. These foods are high in fibre.
• Drink plenty of fluids. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink.
• Get at least 2½ hours of moderate to vigorous exercise a week. Walking is a good choice.
• Take a fibre supplement (such as Benefibre or Metamucil) every day if needed. Read and follow all instructions on the label.
• Schedule time each day for a bowel movement. Having a daily routine may help. Take your time and do not strain when having a bowel movement.

How are these problems treated?

The best way to treat diverticulosis is to avoid constipation. Treatment for diverticulitis includes antibiotics. It often includes a change in your diet. You may need only liquids at first. Your doctor may suggest medicines for pain or belly cramps. In some cases, surgery may be needed.