Peanut Allergy in Children: Care Instructions
Overview
When a person with a peanut allergy eats peanuts, their body reacts as if the peanuts are trying to cause harm. It fights back by setting off an allergic reaction. A mild reaction may include raised, itchy patches of skin that are red or the same colour as the person's skin. These are called hives. A severe reaction may cause hives all over, swelling in the throat, trouble breathing, nausea or vomiting, or fainting. This is called anaphylaxis (say "ANN-uh-fuh-LAK-suss"). An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency.
A good way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the foods that cause it. Peanuts might be found in foods such as chili and vegetable oils. An allergy doctor or a dietitian may be able to help you understand which foods might be okay and what to avoid. Learn what to do if you or your child has a reaction.
Follow-up care is a key part of your child's treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if your child is having problems. It's also a good idea to know your child's test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes.
How can you care for your child at home?
During a mild reaction
- Give your child a non-drowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), as your doctor recommends. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.
During a severe reaction
- Give your child an epinephrine shot. Older children can give themselves the shot if they have learned how. Keep it with your child at all times. Make sure it has not expired.
- Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency.
To prevent future reactions
- Avoid the foods that cause problems. And try not to use utensils or cookware that may have been in contact with food your child is allergic to.
- Teach your child's teachers and caregivers what to do if your child has a severe reaction to food that your child is allergic to.
- Have your child wear medical alert jewellery that lists all allergies.
When should you call for help?
Give an epinephrine shot if:
- You think your child is having a severe allergic reaction.
After you give an epinephrine shot, call 911, even if your child feels better.
Call 911 anytime you think your child may need emergency care. For example, call if:
- Your child has symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. These may include:
- Sudden raised, red areas (hives) all over your child's body.
- Swelling of the throat, mouth, lips, or tongue.
- Trouble breathing.
- Passing out (losing consciousness). Or your child may feel very light-headed or suddenly feel weak, confused, or restless.
- Severe belly pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. (A baby with pain or nausea may be really fussy and not stop crying.)
- Your child has been given an epinephrine shot, even if your child feels better.
Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if:
- Your child has symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as:
- A rash or hives (raised, red areas on the skin).
- Itching.
- Swelling.
- Mild belly pain or nausea.
Watch closely for changes in your child's health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if:
- Your child does not get better as expected.
Where can you learn more?
Go to https://www.healthwise.net/patientEd
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Current as of: September 25, 2023
Author: Healthwise Staff
Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.