What is a fine needle biopsy?

A fine needle biopsy is a test of a sample of tissue that is looked at under a microscope. It may be done to check for cancer. For the biopsy, your doctor uses a thin needle to take a small sample of fluid or cells for testing.

Why is it done?

A fine needle biopsy is done to check for cancer or other problems. It is used to check a lump, mass, or other area of concern. These may have been found during imaging such as an X-ray, an ultrasound, or mammography. Sometimes the biopsy results help plan treatment.

How do you prepare for the test?

If you take aspirin or another blood thinner, ask your doctor if you should stop taking it before your test. Make sure that you understand exactly what your doctor wants you to do. These medicines increase your bleeding risk. In some cases, you may be asked to not eat or drink before your procedure.

How is the test done?

• Depending on what part of your body is being tested, you may sit in a chair or lie on a table. After you are positioned, the doctor or nurse will clean the area where the biopsy will be done.
• In most cases, you'll get a shot of medicine to numb the biopsy area. In some cases, you may have intravenous (I.V.) sedation or general anesthesia, which will make you sleep.
• When the area is numb, your doctor will insert a thin needle into the lump or tissue. If the lump cannot be felt, your doctor may use imaging such as ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI to guide the needle.
• The doctor will take one or more samples for the biopsy.
• A marker may be placed in the biopsy site. You won't be able to feel or see this marker after it is placed. The marker will be visible in future imaging tests, such as mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs. This will help the doctor find the area later.
• After the needle is removed, pressure is put on the needle site to stop any bleeding. The area is covered with a bandage.

How does it feel?

You may feel only a quick sting from the needle, either from the shot that numbed the area or from the biopsy itself. If you have general anesthesia, you won't feel anything during the procedure.

How long does it take?

A fine needle biopsy can take 5 to 15 minutes. It may take longer depending on what body part is being tested. It also depends on the type of anesthesia used or if you need to be monitored afterward.

What happens after the test?

• You'll be told how long it may take to get your results.
• You may be able to go home right away. But this will depend on the location of the biopsy and the type of anesthesia that was used.
• After the doctor looks at the biopsy sample, their office will let you know the results.
• If the test results aren't clear, you may have another biopsy or test.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Your doctor will tell you when you can resume your normal activities.
• The site may be tender for 2 or 3 days. You may also have some bruising, swelling, or slight bleeding.
  • Most people like to use ice on the sore area after a procedure or surgery. Find out what your doctor recommends.
  • Ask your doctor if you can take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.