Overview

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that leads from your throat to your stomach. A one-way valve prevents the stomach acid from backing up into this tube. But when you have GERD, this valve does not close tightly enough. This can also cause pain and swelling in your esophagus. (This is called esophagitis.)

If you have mild GERD symptoms including heartburn, you may be able to control the problem with antacids or over-the-counter medicine. You can also make lifestyle changes to help reduce your symptoms. These include changing your diet and eating habits, such as not eating late at night and losing weight.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine.
• Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medicine. For mild or occasional indigestion, antacids, such as Tums or Gaviscon, may help. Your doctor also may recommend over-the-counter acid reducers, such as famotidine (Pepcid AC) or omeprazole. Read and follow all instructions on the label. If you use these medicines often, talk with your doctor.
• Change your eating habits.
  • It's best to eat several small meals instead of two or three large meals.
  • After you eat, wait 2 to 3 hours before you lie down.
  • Avoid foods that make your symptoms worse. These may include chocolate, mint, alcohol, pepper, spicy foods, high-fat foods, or drinks with caffeine in them, such as tea, coffee, colas, or energy drinks. If your symptoms are worse after you eat a certain food, you may want to stop eating it to see if your symptoms get better.
• Do not smoke or chew tobacco. Smoking can make GERD worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good.
• If you have GERD symptoms at night, raise the head of your bed 15 to 20 centimetres (6 to 8 inches) by putting the frame on blocks or placing a foam wedge under the head of your mattress. (Adding extra pillows does not work.)
• Do not wear tight clothing around your middle.
• Lose weight if you need to. Losing just 2.5 to 4.5 kilograms (5 to 10 pounds) can help.