Overview

Neutropenia (say "noo-truh-PEE-nee-uh") means that your blood has too few neutrophils. These are white blood cells that help protect the body from infection. They do this by killing bacteria.

Neutropenia can be caused by some types of infection. It also can be caused by immune system conditions such as HIV or lupus, a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid, or an enlarged spleen. Some medicines can cause it too. It is most often caused by treatments for certain health problems, such as chemotherapy and radiation treatment for cancer.

Mild neutropenia usually causes no symptoms. But when it's severe, it increases the risk of infection of your skin and organs. That's because your body can't fight off germs as well as it should.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine.
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Eat foods with a lot of fibre. This helps to prevent constipation.

Prevent infections

• Take your temperature several times a day, as your doctor suggests. Keep a written record of your temperature readings. Fever is a common symptom of infection. And it may be the only symptom.
• Use a soft toothbrush. Do not floss your teeth. Talk with your doctor about other steps to prevent infections in your mouth.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially before you eat and after you use the toilet.
• If you are a woman, use sanitary napkins (pads) instead of tampons. Do not douche.
• Do not use rectal thermometers or suppositories.
• Avoid tasks that might expose you to germs, such as disposing of pet feces or urine.
• Avoid crowds of people and anyone who might have an infection or an illness such as a cold or influenza (flu). You may need to avoid people who have recently had certain kinds of vaccinations.
• Even small injuries can get infected. Take steps to prevent cuts, burns, and sunburns.
• If you have severe neutropenia, your doctor may advise you to avoid fresh fruits, vegetables, and flowers.