Overview

Periodontal conditions affect the gums, bone, and tissue that surround and support the teeth. Plaque is a thin film of bacteria that sticks to teeth above and below the gum line. It can build up and harden into tartar. The bacteria in plaque and tartar can cause gum disease.

Gingivitis causes red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily when brushed, persistent bad breath, and sensitive teeth. Gingivitis can be reversed with good dental care.

Periodontitis is more advanced. The gums pull away from the teeth. This leaves deep pockets where bacteria can grow. The disease can damage the bones that support the teeth. The teeth may get loose and fall out.

A mild problem can be treated by brushing and flossing your teeth every day. You may need other treatments, including:

• A prescription mouthwash.
• Antibiotics.
• A cleaning that removes plaque and tartar buildup.

You may need surgery if other treatments don't help.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• If your dentist prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.
• Brush your teeth twice a day, in the morning and at night.
  • Use a toothbrush with soft, rounded-end bristles and a head that is small enough to reach all parts of your teeth and mouth. Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months.
  • Use a fluoride toothpaste.
  • Place the brush at a 45-degree angle where the teeth meet the gums. Press firmly, and gently rock the brush back and forth using small circular movements.
  • Brush chewing surfaces vigorously with short back-and-forth strokes.
  • Brush your tongue from back to front.
• Floss at least once a day. Choose the type and flavour that you like best.
• Have your teeth cleaned by a professional. Your dentist will recommend how often to have routine checkups. Many people should see their dentists once or twice a year.
• Ask your dentist about using an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce bacteria.
• Rinse your mouth with water or chew sugar-free gum after meals if you can't brush your teeth.
• Do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco. Tobacco use can cause periodontal disease.