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Mpox (monkeypox) vaccine

Learn about the mpox vaccine, effectiveness, side effects, and safety.

Diseases it protects from

Mpox vaccine protects against orthopoxvirus infections such as mpox (previously called monkeypox) and smallpox. There are currently no cases of smallpox in Canada, but there are cases of mpox.

Mpox vaccine is approved for use in Canada.

Who should get this vaccine

You may be able to get this vaccine if you have a higher risk of being exposed to mpox.

Risk factors

You may have a higher risk if you identify as part of the men who have sex with men (MSM) community or have had or are planning to have sexual contact with someone who identifies as MSM, and 1 of the following applies to you:

  • You or your sexual partner are planning to have more than 1 sexual partner or have had more than 1 sexual partner in the last 90 days.
  • You are planning to have sexual or skin-to-skin contact at a venue such as a bath house, sex club, or sex party, or you have had sexual contact at this type of venue in the last 90 days.
  • You have had a sexually transmitted infection in the last year.

You may also have a higher risk if:

  • You are a sex worker.
  • You went to or worked at a venue where people have sexual or skin-to-skin contact (such as a bath house, sex club, or sex party) in the last 90 days.
  • You work in a research lab and have direct contact with the orthopoxvirus as part of your work.

You should also get this vaccine if you had close contact with someone who has mpox. It is best to get this vaccine within 4 days of close contact, but you can get it up to 14 days after. Once your symptoms start, you can no longer get the vaccine.

Call Health Link at 811 to find out if you should get this vaccine.

Under age 18 years

Talk to your healthcare provider before getting this vaccine if you are under age 18 years. Mpox vaccine is licensed for people age 18 years or older. However, vaccine experts support using mpox vaccine for people of any age who are at high risk of being exposed to mpox or have had close contact with someone who has mpox. If you get the vaccine and are under age 18 years, this is called “off-label use.”

There is limited information on the use of mpox vaccine in children. Studies done with similar vaccines show there were no safety concerns for children under age 18 years.

Who should not get this vaccine

You may not be able to get this vaccine if:

  • You have an allergy to any part of the vaccine.
  • You had a serious or unusual side effect after this vaccine or one like it.
  • You have been diagnosed with an mpox infection during this outbreak (beginning in May 2022) because you are likely immune.

If you have allergies or have had a side effect from this vaccine in the past, check with your doctor or a public health nurse before you get mpox vaccine.

Although you can get the vaccine if you have a mild illness such as a cold or fever, you should stay home until you are feeling better to prevent spreading your illness to others, unless you have been exposed to mpox. If you have been exposed, you should get the vaccine right away.

You can get the vaccine if you have eczema (atopic dermatitis—a skin condition that makes your skin red and itchy). People with eczema are more likely to have serious side effects with other smallpox vaccines, but this has not been reported with mpox vaccine. If you have eczema and get mpox vaccine, you may be more likely to have common vaccine side effects or your eczema could get worse. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions.

There is more to learn about mpox vaccine and certain groups of people. Talk to your healthcare provider before you get mpox vaccine if:

  • You have a weak immune system (because of medicine you take or a health problem).
  • You are pregnant or breastfeeding.
  • You are under age 18 years.
  • You have a history of myocarditis or pericarditis after getting smallpox vaccine or mpox vaccine.

Doses

If you are getting the vaccine because you have a high risk of being exposed to mpox, you need 2 doses.

If you are getting the vaccine because you had close contact with someone who has mpox, you need at least 1 dose. You may need more doses depending on your risk of being exposed to mpox virus again and your immune system health.

If you have had smallpox vaccine in the past, you may need fewer doses of mpox vaccine.

Talk to your healthcare provider about how many doses you need.

Get the vaccine

If you think you may be at higher risk for being exposed to mpox, call Health Link at 811 to see if you can get the vaccine.

If you think you need the vaccine because of your work in a research lab, talk to your workplace health and safety department.

Public Health will contact you if you are identified as a close contact of a confirmed case of mpox. If Public Health decides that you need mpox vaccine, they will tell you where to go for the vaccine.

Mpox vaccine and other vaccines

It is best not to get mpox vaccine at the same time as another vaccine so that you can watch for side effects. However, if you have been exposed to mpox, you should not wait to get mpox vaccine.

If you are at a high risk of being exposed to mpox, it is recommended to wait for 14 days after getting another vaccine before you get mpox vaccine, but it is not required. If you recently got a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, it is recommended to wait for 4 weeks before you get mpox vaccine, but it is not required. There are no safety concerns, and both vaccines will still work to protect you.

If you got another vaccine in the last 4 weeks, talk to your healthcare provider about when you should get mpox vaccine.

After getting mpox vaccine, you should wait at least:

Current as of: June 30, 2023
Author: Provincial Immunization Program, Alberta Health Services
Our work takes place on historical and contemporary Indigenous lands, including the territories of Treaty 6, Treaty 7 & Treaty 8 and the homeland of the Métis Nation of Alberta and 8 Métis Settlements. We also acknowledge the many Indigenous communities that have been forged in urban centres across Alberta.