Overview

Neurological Examination for Multiple Sclerosis —Overview

Before conducting a neurological exam for multiple sclerosis (MS), the doctor will collect information about your symptoms. The kinds of symptoms, as well as how and when they occur, are important in evaluating whether you might have MS. Even symptoms that you might have had several years ago can be important.

The neurological exam will cover both how well you think and how well you move.

Mental ability and emotional condition

The doctor may ask you to repeat a series of numbers or answer simple questions about dates, places, and current events. The doctor can usually judge your emotional condition during the exam by paying attention to your actions and statements.

If the doctor suspects mental problems caused by multiple sclerosis (MS), he or she may order tests designed to identify more subtle changes than the ones that may be evident from the brief mental section of the neurological exam.

Coordination, strength, senses, and reflexes

The doctor will look for injury to the 12 pairs of nerves in the head (cranial nerves) that relate to:

• Sense of smell.
• Sense of taste.
• Vision.
• Eye movement.
• Sensation in the face and scalp.
• Muscle coordination in the face and neck.
• Hearing and balance.
• Swallowing and the gag reflex.
• Movement of the tongue.

To evaluate muscle strength, the doctor will have you push with the arms and legs against the doctor's hand. Dexterity, muscle tone, and muscle control will also be tested.

You will be examined for the ability to:

• Feel pain (a pinprick), a light touch, temperature, and vibration (a tuning fork).
• Sense the position of the arms or legs.

Also, your reflexes will be tested.

The neurological history and exam may take as long as 2 hours but usually take 1 hour or less.

Why It Is Done

Neurological Examination for Multiple Sclerosis —WhyDoneOrUsed

A brief neurological exam is part of any complete physical exam. If you report symptoms that suggest a problem with the nervous system, the doctor may do a more thorough neurological exam. Such an exam will always be done if you have symptoms that suggest MS.

Results

Neurological Examination for Multiple Sclerosis —Results

Findings on the neurological exam may include the following.

Normal

All tested functions are within normal ranges.

Abnormal

Abnormal findings may include evidence of nervous system abnormalities, such as weakness, blindness, coordination or balance problems, or changes in sensation.